"Ladder of inference is a step-by-step process that you naturally follow while making decisions. The seven steps of this decision-making process are observation, data selection, interpretation, assumptions, conclusion, beliefs, and action. The ladder of inference is a metaphorical model of cognition and action designed by an American business theorist, Chris Argyris, in the 1970s. He created it to help people understand the decision-making process and avoid jumping to wrong conclusions. It was later popularized by Peter Senge in his book 'The Fifth Discipline'."
"Both ladder of inference and unconscious bias are cognitive models in the area of decision-making. They are both implicit, which means that they are not used consciously by the decision-maker. Yet, they are completely different ideas, serving different functions. The ladder of inference is a tool that lays out the typical decision-making process. Unconscious bias, on the other hand, is associations and connections we make without being consciously aware of them, which also influence decisions. A multi-step process A combination of factors Influenced by behavioral traits Influenced by social, cultural, and behavioral traits Supports effective decisions Hinders effective decisions Helps to follow Helps to avoid"
Ladder of Inference defines a seven-step cognitive pathway: observation, data selection, interpretation, assumptions, conclusion, beliefs, and action. The model frames how people move from observing data to taking actions based on selected information and inferred meanings. The ladder functions as a metaphorical cognitive tool to reduce premature conclusions and support more effective decisions. Unconscious bias differs by comprising implicit associations that influence choices without conscious awareness. The ladder emphasizes procedural clarity and behavioral influence, while unconscious bias highlights social and cultural influences that can hinder objective decision-making.
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