"The ordered state is a low-entropy state, and entropy measures the system's proximity to the most probable (equilibrium) state. Therefore, a system is "far from equilibrium" if its components are statistically correlated, because correlation among components is order. When parts are correlated rather than independent, you have structure.The system occupies a state that's improbable relative to chance. You can predict something about one part by knowing about another."
"The opposite-maximum entropy-is defined by complete statistical independence among components. This is the "molecular chaos" assumption underlying Boltzmann's H-theorem: at equilibrium, each particle's state is statistically independent of every other's. No pattern, no structure, no organization. Just randomness. So, information IN something is internal statistical correlation -the degree to which a system's components hang together rather than behave independently. We have a formal measure for this: integrated information, Φ (phi), developed by the neuroscientist Giulio Tononi and colleagues."
Information exists in two distinct but connected forms. One form is information in something: order measured as the distance from the statistical distribution representative of thermodynamic equilibrium. Ordered states are low-entropy; entropy measures proximity to the most probable equilibrium. Systems far from equilibrium exhibit statistical correlations among components, producing structure and predictability. Maximum entropy corresponds to complete statistical independence and randomness. Integrated information Φ quantifies how much a system is more than the sum of its parts, measuring the irreducible information generated by the whole system beyond its components.
Read at Psychology Today
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