"Two years ago, the Express team initiated a complete revamp of the project's governance. What was once a largely single-maintainer effort under Doug Wilson evolved into a structured Technical Committee (TC) with multiple active contributors. "Our goal was to evolve Express from a single-maintainer project into a sustainable, community-driven effort - one built on shared responsibility, clear processes, and long-term vision," Ulises explained."
"The Express 4.x version, released over a decade ago, remains the most used today, and it's compatible with Node.js versions as old as 0.8. That backward compatibility means that much of Express's internal logic predates modern JavaScript features, and even predates the Node.js fork of io.js. "Express performs a significant amount of monkey patching on Node's core modules - particularly the HTTP library - to enable its middleware chaining model," said Ulises."
Express.js is undergoing coordinated modernization that combines formal governance, funded resources, and external collaboration to address long-standing technical debt. The project moved from a single-maintainer model to a Technical Committee and secured support through the Sovereign Tech Fund (now Sovereign Tech Agency). Priority work includes improving security, reducing outdated internals, and boosting performance. Much of the current maintenance burden stems from backward compatibility with Node.js 0.8-era behavior and extensive monkey patching of core HTTP modules to implement middleware chaining. Modernization requires updating internals to modern JavaScript and Node APIs while balancing compatibility, performance, and security gains.
Read at The NodeSource Blog - Node.js Tutorials, Guides, and Updates
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