The human brain, which is suspended in clear cerebrospinal fluid inside the skull, can also be impacted by the effects of microgravity - in a surprisingly tangible way. As detailed in a new study published by an international team of researchers in the journal PNAS, the brain "shifts upward and backward within the skull following spaceflight, with sensory and motor regions exhibiting the largest shifts."
The industrial economy has created more than 100 million novel entities, or chemicals not found in nature, with somewhere between 40,000 and 350,000 in commercial use and production.
Pathogens have been a constant threat to human health throughout our evolutionary history. Infectious diseases are estimated to have been responsible for more than half of all children deaths before age 15.