A total of 2.73bn had been spent by 31 August, but big-money deadline day deals - headlined by Alexander Isak's move from Newcastle to Liverpool for a British record 125m - pushed the total to 3.087bn. The spending was significantly more than last summer, when the outlay by top-flight teams was 1.96bn. The total this year is more than was spent by Bundesliga, La Liga, Ligue 1 and Serie A clubs combined.