A fault-tolerant neutral-atom architecture for universal quantum computation

"We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply. Atomic and molecular physics Quantum information Qubits Quantum error correction (QEC) [1,2] is essential for the realization of large-scale quantum computers [3,4]."

"However, due to the complexity of operating on the encoded logical' qubits [5,6], understanding the physical principles for building fault-tolerant quantum devices and combining them into efficient architectures is an outstanding scientific challenge. Here we utilize reconfigurable arrays of up to 448 neutral atoms to implement the key elements of a universal, fault-tolerant quantum processing architecture and experimentally explore their underlying working mechanisms. We first employ surface codes to study how repeate"

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing large-scale quantum computers. Operating encoded logical qubits is complex, creating an outstanding challenge for building fault-tolerant devices and efficient architectures. Reconfigurable arrays of up to 448 neutral atoms implement key elements of a universal, fault-tolerant quantum-processing architecture. The platform enables experimental exploration of underlying working mechanisms. Surface codes are employed to study repeated error-correction cycles, stabilizer measurements, and logical-qubit operations in the neutral-atom system. The experimental approach combines scalability, reconfigurability, and error-correction primitives toward practical fault-tolerant quantum processors.

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