Personality traits are simply labels that summarize typical patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. For example, some people tend to interpret situations pessimistically, while others naturally expect things to work out. Some react quickly with irritation when they're inconvenienced, whereas others are more inclined to assume good intentions. Some people plan ahead meticulously, while others rely on last-minute bursts of effort.
In response to a March 2025 survey by the preeminent journal Nature, 75 percent of U.S. scientists said that they are considering leaving the United States because of the "massive changes in U.S. research." It's important to note that the participants who responded to the Nature survey chose to do so, and therefore likely are not representative of all U.S. scientists.
Parenting refers to all activities that support children's development, including their physical growth, their cognitive learning, and their emotional well-being. It is shaped by the interplay between parent and child.
Participants who started out with higher levels of well-being also tended to have higher levels of cognitive function. When participants experienced declines in well-being, they showed similarly-sized declines in cognition.