"OpenAI's finance chief since June 2024, Friar highlighted "capability overhang" as a concept that kept resurfacing at Davos-the gap between what AI can already do and the value organizations actually capture. According to Friar, there is a mismatch between today's powerful AI capabilities and the relatively shallow way most people and companies use them, with advanced tools still only lightly integrated into real workflows and decision-making."
""Experience and execution are closing that gap faster than any amount of rhetoric," she writes. "At OpenAI, we see that frontier users use seven times the amount of intelligence than the average user-they're going deep on coding, deep research, and pushing the models to really be thought partners.""
AI is being evaluated as core economic and strategic infrastructure alongside geopolitics, energy, and security. A capability overhang exists where current AI capabilities exceed the value organizations capture due to shallow usage. Frontier users employ roughly seven times the intelligence of average users, applying AI deeply to coding, research, and decision support. Recent research documents the capability overhang and shows clear country-level variation in advanced AI feature use that cannot be explained solely by income. Large economies have the most total users while small wealthy nations lead per-capita adoption, and advanced AI adoption is spreading globally.
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