The bill, which makes the 2017 Trump tax cuts permanent and provides a big funding boost for border security and national defense, was bitterly opposed by Thomas Massie (R-KY) in the House and Rand Paul (R-KY) in the Senate because of its dismal fiscal implications: an estimated $3.3 trillion increase in the national debt over the next decade.
With no majority in the Assemblee Nationale, Prime Minister Francois Bayrou plans to use constitutional measures to bypass a vote on the 2025 budget, intensifying political uncertainty.